Becket's Relationship with King Henry II, and How does it Reflect Larger Themes of "Murder in the Cathedral"

 

Introduction

The evolution of Thomas Becket's relationship with King Henry II in T.S. Eliot's "Murder in the Cathedral" is a dynamic portrayal of the tension between spiritual and secular authority, personal loyalty and higher principles. Their relationship serves as a microcosm of larger themes within the play, such as the clash between Church and state, the struggle for autonomy, and the conflict between temporal power and moral conviction.

Initial Camaraderie and Transformation: 

At the play's outset, Becket and Henry share a deep bond of friendship and camaraderie. Becket, as Chancellor, is close to the king and actively supports his policies. However, Becket's appointment as Archbishop marks a profound transformation in their relationship. Becket's spiritual awakening shifts his priorities from political loyalty to spiritual integrity, setting the stage for the conflict that unfolds.

Clash of Interests and Values: 

As Becket's spiritual commitments solidify, his relationship with Henry becomes strained. The king expects Becket to prioritize the crown's interests over the Church's autonomy. The tension between their positions reflects the broader societal struggle between religious and secular authority. Becket's refusal to acquiesce to Henry's demands highlights his unwavering commitment to the Church's independence and his refusal to compromise spiritual values for political expediency.

(King HenryII and Thomas Becket)

Political Manoeuvring and Reconciliation:

The evolution of their relationship is marked by political maneuvering and attempts at reconciliation. Henry initially hopes that Becket's appointment will secure his power over the Church. He underestimates the extent of Becket's transformation and expects him to remain subservient. The two engage in a diplomatic dance, with Henry offering temptations and Becket asserting his spiritual commitment.

Clash and Estrangement: 

As the play progresses, the conflict between Becket and Henry deepens. Becket's refusal to allow the king's interference in Church matters leads to a complete estrangement. The clash between their differing priorities underscores the broader theme of the Church's autonomy in the face of temporal power. Henry's frustration and anger at Becket's perceived betrayal mirror the tension between secular control and spiritual authority.

Resolution through Martyrdom: 

The climax of their relationship occurs during Becket's martyrdom. Henry's indirect role in Becket's assassination reflects the far-reaching consequences of their conflict. Henry is both implicated in Becket's death and haunted by it, suggesting the moral weight of their relationship. Becket's martyrdom, rather than ending their conflict, serves as a testament to the enduring power of his spiritual conviction and the limitations of temporal authority.

Larger Themes: 

Becket's relationship with Henry embodies the larger themes of the play. Their dynamic reflects the broader clash between worldly power and divine principles. The conflict underscores the theme of martyrdom and the idea that saints are not made by accident, but by conscious choices to uphold spiritual values over personal desires.

Their relationship also highlights the tension between the individual and the collective. Becket's transformation and eventual martyrdom are deeply personal decisions, yet they carry significant societal implications. His actions inspire others to reconsider their own allegiances and commitments, reflecting the broader impact of his choices.

Conclusion

In conclusion, the evolution of Thomas Becket's relationship with King Henry II is a complex narrative thread that encapsulates larger themes within "Murder in the Cathedral." Their dynamic is a microcosm of the tension between spiritual and temporal authority, individual conviction, and societal influence. Their clash represents the broader conflict between Church and state, autonomy and control, and the triumph of moral principles over temporal power. The transformation and martyrdom of Becket underscore his unwavering commitment to spiritual values, ultimately making their relationship a powerful reflection of the play's central themes.