Development of Becket's martyrdom in "Murder in the Cathedral"

 

Introduction

The development of Thomas Becket's martyrdom in T.S. Eliot's "Murder in the Cathedral" is a central and intricate aspect of the play. Becket's transformation from a conflicted Archbishop to a willing martyr unfolds through a series of internal struggles, dialogues with other characters, and his ultimate acceptance of his fate. This progression highlights the complexities of faith, sacrifice, and the higher calling that shapes Becket's character and destiny.

Initial Ambivalence: 

At the beginning of the play, Becket's stance toward martyrdom is marked by ambivalence. He returns to Canterbury after a period of exile, seeking to reconcile his spiritual devotion with his secular past. His internal conflict revolves around the tension between his loyalty to God and his responsibilities as Archbishop. He grapples with the implications of his decisions on the Church, the state, and his own salvation.

Conversations with the Tempters: 

The Four Tempters play a crucial role in Becket's development toward martyrdom. Each tempter offers a different vision of a path he could choose, highlighting worldly desires like power, success, safety, and popularity. These temptations mirror the external and internal pressures he faces. Through these conversations, Becket's inner turmoil is exposed, and his resolute rejection of the temptations signifies his growing commitment to his spiritual calling.

Spiritual Clarity: 

As the play unfolds, Becket experiences moments of spiritual clarity that shape his resolve. In his conversation with the Messenger of the Pope, he gains a renewed sense of purpose and realizes that his martyrdom could unite the Church and inspire others. This realization marks a turning point as he starts to comprehend the larger significance of his actions beyond personal conflicts.

Acceptance of Fate: 

Becket's acceptance of his martyrdom becomes evident during the Interlude of the Priests. He recognizes that his death is inevitable and that God's will transcends personal desires. His declaration, "The last temptation is the greatest treason: / To do the right deed for the wrong reason," underscores his understanding that martyrdom should not be pursued for personal gain or glory. This acceptance is rooted in his deepening relationship with God and his recognition of the eternal rewards that await him.

Elevation of Spiritual Authority: 

As Becket's journey toward martyrdom progresses, his spiritual authority and leadership strengthen. His sermons, particularly the one about the "coming Passion," emphasize the importance of embracing suffering for the greater good. He inspires the people of Canterbury with his steadfastness and devotion, uniting them in a shared purpose.

Final Confrontation and Martyrdom: 

The pinnacle of Becket's development as a martyr occurs in his final confrontation with the knights. He refuses to flee, demonstrating his unwavering commitment to his faith and the principles he represents. He forgives his would-be assassins, solidifying his role as a Christ-like figure who embodies forgiveness and compassion. His martyrdom is both a spiritual and physical triumph, as he meets his death with dignity and conviction, emphasizing the spiritual transcendence that martyrdom offers.

Conclusion

In "Murder in the Cathedral," the development of Becket's martyrdom is a journey of self-discovery, spiritual enlightenment, and ultimate submission to divine will. Through his internal struggles, conversations with the Tempters, moments of clarity, and final confrontation, Becket transforms from a conflicted individual into a steadfast martyr. His martyrdom becomes a testament to his unyielding faith, his willingness to sacrifice for a higher purpose, and his embodiment of Christian virtues. Eliot's portrayal of Becket's journey invites readers and audiences to reflect on the complexities of faith, the nature of sacrifice, and the enduring power of spiritual conviction.